³ªºñÀÇ ³¯°³´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ºû³ª´Â °ÍÀϱî? ¸ôÆ÷(Morpho) ³ªºñ´Â ´Ù¸¥ °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ³ªºñµéó·³ ÀκÐ(scales)À¸·Î µ¤¿©ÀÖ´Â ³¯°³¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ³¯°³ÀÇ »öÀ» ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀκеéÀ» °¡·ÎÁö¸£´Â »ö¼Ò ÆÐÅÏÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁöÁö¸¸, ¸ôÆ÷ ³ªºñÀÇ Àκп¡´Â ºÎ°¡Àû ±â´ÉÀÌ ÀåÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

¸ôÆ÷ ³ªºñ´Â ±×µéÀÇ ÀκР²À´ë±â¿¡ ºûÀÇ ÆÄÀåÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â, »¸¾îÀÖ´Â °¡Áö ÆÈµéÀ» °¡Áø, ¹«¼öÈ÷ ¸¹Àº Ãʹ̼¼ÇÑ ÀÛÀº ³ª¹« °°Àº(tree-like) ±¸Á¶µéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Áöµé »çÀÌÀÇ °ø°£Àº ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ºûÀÇ ÆÄÀå, ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ÆÄ¶õ»öÀÇ ÆÄÀå°ú ÀÏÄ¡½Ã۴µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² °¢µµ¿¡¼ º¼ ¶§, °°Àº ÆÄÀå ºûÀÇ ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀÎ ¹Ý»ç´Â °£¼· È¿°ú¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å°°í, À̰ÍÀº ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¹«Áö°³ ºû±òÀ» ¸¸µé¾î³½´Ù. (»çÁøÀº ¿©±â¸¦ Ŭ¸¯).
ÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾øµµ·Ï Á¤±³ÇÑ ±¸Á¶¸¦ °í·ÁÇØº¼ ¶§, À̵é Á¤¹ÐÇÏ°í ³ª¹« °°Àº Ãʹ̼¼ ±¸Á¶´Â ±¤ÇÐ ¹× ³ª³ë°øÇÐÀÇ Àü¹®Àû Áö½ÄÀ» °¡Áø ´©±º°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¼³°èµÈ °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ.
±×·¯³ª ´Ã ±×·¸µíÀÌ ¼¼¼ÓÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀº ±â¿ø¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿É¼Ç¿¡¼ Çϳª´ÔÀº °í·ÁµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í ¸»Çϸç, ±×·¯ÇÑ °á·ÐÀº °úÇÐÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ÃÖ°í ÀåÀÎÀÇ ¼Ø¾¾°¡ ±× Áõ°Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ¼³¸íÀÓ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.[1]
ÁøÈ·ÐÀÇ ÇØ°áÃ¥?
1859³â Âû½º ´ÙÀ©Àº Æ÷½ÄÀÚ³ª ¼½ÄÁö °°Àº ¿ÜºÎ ¿äÀÎÀÌ ½Ä¹°°ú µ¿¹°ÀÇ Æ¯¼ºÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤À¸·Î¼ 'ÀÚ¿¬¼±ÅÃ'À» ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù.[2] ±×·¯³ª ¸ôÆ÷ ³ªºñ´Â ŹÇÑ »ö±òÀÇ ³ªºñ¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¼½ÄÁö¿¡¼ ¼·Î °°ÀÌ »ì¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¼½ÄÁö°¡ ¹«Áö°³ ºû »ö±òÀ» À¯µµÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ½À» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ´õ±º´Ù³ª È·ÁÇÑ »ö±òÀº Æ÷½ÄÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¹ß°ßµÇ±â ´õ ½±´Ù. µû¶ó¼ È·ÁÇÑ »ö±òÀÇ ³ªºñ´Â ¸¸µé¾îÁö±âº¸´Ù »ç¶óÁö±â ´õ ½¬¿üÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÁøÈ·Ð¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ÀÚ¿¬Àº »ýÁ¸À» Çâ»ó½ÃŰ´Â Ư¼ºÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¹à°Ô ºû³ª´Â ³¯°³´Â ±× ¹Ý´ë¿´À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ÁøÈ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î ÆÄ¶õ ¸ôÆ÷ ³ªºñ°¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇϳªÀÇ Àǹ®ÀÌ´Ù.
¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ÃÖ±Ù ¸ôÆ÷ ³ªºñ¿¡ ³»ÀçµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â, »ýÁ¸¿¡ ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö´Â ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ °íÀ¯ÇÑ Æ¯¼ºÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù°í º¸°íÇß´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ³ª¹« °°Àº ÀκР±¸Á¶°¡ °¢ Àκп¡ ºÎÂøµÇ´Â °÷¿¡¼´Â ºñ±Ø¼ºÀÌÁö¸¸, ²À´ë±â´Â °ÇÑ ±Ø¼ºÀ» ¶í´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.[3, 4] PNAS Áö¿¡ °ÔÀçµÈ ³í¹®¿¡¼ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ÀúÀÚµéÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ½è´Ù. ¡±ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ç¥¸éÀÇ ±Ø¼º ±â¿ï±â(polarity gradient)´Â ³ªºñÀÇ »ýÁ¸¿¡ ÇʼöÀûÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±×°ÍÀº ÀκÐÀÇ ¹ß´Þ °úÁ¤¿¡ ºÎ»ê¹°ÀÎ °Íó·³ º¸Àδٴ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ÆÐÅÏ µðÀÚÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °üÁ¡Àº ´Ù¾çÇÑ ±â¼úÀû ÀÀ¿ëÀÇ ±âȸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.¡±[3]
´ÜµµÁ÷ÀÔÀûÀ¸·Î ¸»Çؼ, »õ·Î ¹ß°ßµÈ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±Ø¼º ±â¿ï±â°¡ ³ªºñÀÇ »ýÁ¸¿¡ ÇʼöÀûÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ̶ó¸é, ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÚ¿¬Àº ±×°ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇß´ø °ÍÀϱî?
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ µô·¹¸¶¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ½Ãµµ·Î¼, ÈÄ¿¡ ´ÙÀ©Àº ¡®¼º¼±ÅÃ(sexual selection)¡¯À̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß¸íÇØ³Â´Ù.[5] µ¿¹°µéÀº ¿À·£ ½Ã°£¿¡ °ÉÃļ ¼±È£µµ¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿© ¦À» ¼±ÅÃÇß°í, À̰ÍÀº ¹Ý´ë ¼º¿¡ »õ·Î¿î Ư¼ºÀ» ¸¸µé¾î³»¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »õ·Î¿î Ư¼ºÀº º¸´Ù ½±°Ô ¹ø½ÄÇÏ¿© ±× Á¾ÀÌ »ýÁ¸Çϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ ´Ü¼øÇÑ À̾߱â´Â ÁÖ¿ä °üÃøµé°ú ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¼º¼±ÅÃÀ» »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ½ÇÁ¦·Î °¡Á¤Çϰí ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀº ÀÌ¹Ì Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇüÁú Áß¿¡¼ ´ÜÁö ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ±×°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ ´Ù¾ç¼ºµéÀÌ Á¦°ÅµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö´Â ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¾î¶»°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁö´Â Áö¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¼º¼±ÅÃÀº »ó´ëÆí ¦ÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÒ ¼ö Àִ Ư¼º º¯È¸¸À¸·Î ÀÛµ¿µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ¼±È£µµ´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ±â¿øÇÑ °ÍÀΰ¡?[6] PNAS ÁöÀÇ ¿¬±¸ ÀúÀÚµéÀº ½è´Ù : ¡±¸ôÆ÷ ³ªºñ´Â ÀÚ¿¬ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾î³½ ±¤ÀÚ°øÇÐ(photonic engineering)ÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ¸ÚÁø Àå¸éÀÌ´Ù.¡±[3] ±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì Æí°ßÀ» °¡Áø ÁÖÀåÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖ°í±Þ µÎ³úÀÇ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ Æ¯±Þ Àåºñ¿Í ½Ã¾àµéÀ» °¡Áö°íµµ º¹Á¦ÇÒ ¼öÁ¶Â÷ ¾ø´Â, ÃÖ÷´Ü Á¤¹Ð ±¤ÀÚ°øÇÐÀ» ÀÚ¿¬ÀÌ ¿ì¿¬È÷ ¸¸µé¾î³Â´Ù´Â ÁÖÀåÀº ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾î º¸ÀδÙ.[1, 7]
¿©±â¿¡¼ ¼º°æÀÇ Ã¢Á¶ÁÖ Çϳª´ÔÀº ½ÇÁ¦ ¿£Áö´Ï¾î·Î ºûÀ» ¹ßÇÏ°í °è½Ã´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
References
1.Naturalist Richard Lewontin once wrote, 'We are forced by our a priori adherence to material causes to create an apparatus of investigation and a set of concepts that produce material explanations, no matter how counter-intuitive, no matter how mystifying to the uninitiated. Moreover, that materialism is absolute for we cannot allow a divine foot in the door.' See: Lewontin, R. C. Billions and Billions of Demons. The New York Review of Books. Posted on nybooks.com January 9, 1997. 2.Lyell, C. et al. 1858. On the tendency of species to form varieties; and on the perpetuation of varieties and species by natural means of selection. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London: Zoology. 3 (9): 45-62. 3.Potyrailo, R. A. et al. Discovery of the surface polarity gradient on iridescent Morpho butterfly scales reveals a mechanism of their selective vapor response. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Published online before print, September 9, 2013. 4.Polar molecules contain an uneven distribution of electrons. Non-polar molecules, used near the base of each tiny tree-structure, have evenly distributed electrons. 5.'Sexual selection' came from Darwin's book titled The Descent of Man. Also, Darwin touched on the butterfly color dilemma in a letter to Nature. See: Darwin, C. 1880. The Sexual Colours of Certain Butterflies. Nature. 21 (Jan. 8): 237. 6.Bergman, J. 2004. Problems in sexual selection theory and neo-Darwinism. Journal of Creation. 18 (1): 112-119. 7.Vukusic, P. and J. R. Sambles. 2003. Photonic structures in biology. Nature. 424 (6950): 852-855.
*morpho butterfly (±¸±Û À̹ÌÁö)
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